Nhanganyaya yeUSB 4
USB4 ndiyo sisitimu yeUSB yakatsanangurwa mu USB4 specification. USB Developers Forum yakaburitsa vhezheni yayo 1.0 musi wa29 Nyamavhuvhu, 2019. Zita rakazara re USB4 iUniversal Serial Bus Generation 4. Yakavakirwa patekinoroji yekutumira data "Thunderbolt 3" yakagadzirwa pamwe chete neIntel neApple. Kumhanya kwekutumira data kwe USB4 kunogona kusvika ku40 Gbps, inova kumhanya kaviri kupfuura USB 3.2 (Gen2×2) yazvino.
Kusiyana nemirairo yekare yeprotocol yeUSB, USB4 inoda USB-C connector uye inoda rutsigiro rweUSB PD kuti iwane magetsi. Kana ichienzaniswa neUSB 3.2, inobvumira kugadzirwa kweDisplayPort nePCI Express tunnels. Iyi architecture inotsanangura nzira yekugovana dynamically link imwe chete ine high-speed ine marudzi akawanda emidziyo ye terminal, iyo inogona kubata zvakanyanya kutapurirana kwedata nerudzi uye mashandisirwo. Zvigadzirwa zveUSB4 zvinofanirwa kutsigira throughput ye20 Gbit/s uye zvinogona kutsigira throughput ye40 Gbit/s. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekutapurirana kwetunnel, pakutumira data rakasanganiswa, kunyangwe kana data richitumirwa pa 20 Gbit/s, mhedzisiro chaiyo yekutumira data inogona kunge yakakwira kupfuura yeUSB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).
USB4 yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: 20Gbps ne40Gbps. Midziyo ine USB4 interface iripo pamusika inogona kupa 40Gbps speed yeThunderbolt 3 kana 20Gbps yakaderera. Kana uchida kutenga mudziyo une 40Gbps yepamusoro, zvakanaka kuti utarise zvinodiwa usati watenga. Kana uchida kufambisa nekukurumidza, kusarudza USB 3.1 C TO C yakakodzera kwakakosha sezvo iriyo inotakura zvinhu kuti uwane 40Gbps rate.
Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidzika nezvehukama huripo pakati peUSB4 neThunderbolt 4. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose Thunderbolt 4 neUSB4 zvakavakirwa pachirongwa cheThunderbolt 3. Zvinopindirana uye zvinoenderana. Ma interfaces ese ari Type-C, uye kumhanya kwakanyanya i40 Gbps kune ese ari maviri.
Chekutanga, USB4 Cable yatiri kutaura nezvayo ndiyo standard yekutumira yeUSB, inova protocol specification ine chekuita nekushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira kweUSB. USB4 inogona kunzwisiswa se "chizvarwa chechina" cheiyi specification.
Nzira yekutumira USB yakakurudzirwa pamwe chete uye yakagadzirwa nemakambani akawanda anosanganisira Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, naNortel muna 1994. Yakaburitswa seUSB V0.7 vhezheni musi wa11 Mbudzi, 1994. Gare gare, makambani aya akatanga sangano risingabatsiri rekusimudzira nekutsigira USB muna 1995, rainzi USB Implementers Forum, inova USB-IF inozivikanwa, uye USB-IF ikozvino ndiyo sangano re USB standardization.
Muna 1996, USB-IF yakaronga zviri pamutemo kuti USB1.0 ishandiswe. Zvisinei, mwero wekutumira data weUSB1.0 waingova 1.5 Mbps chete, simba remagetsi raibuda raive 5V/500mA, uye panguva iyoyo, pakanga paine zvishandiso zvishoma zvaitsigira USB, saka vagadziri vemamotherboard vaisawanzogadzira USB interfaces zvakananga pamotherboard.
▲USB 1.0
MunaGunyana 1998, USB-IF yakaburitsa USB 1.1 specification. Mwero wekutumirwa kwemagetsi wakawedzerwa kusvika ku12 Mbps panguva ino, uye mamwe mashoko ehunyanzvi muUSB 1.0 akagadziriswa. Kubuda kwakanyanya kwakaramba kuri 5V/500mA.
Muna Kubvumbi 2000, USB 2.0 standard yakatangwa, ine transmission rate ye480 Mbps, inova 60MB/s. Yakapetwa ka40 kupfuura USB 1.1. Iyo yakanyanya kuburitsa simba i5V/500mA, uye inoshandisa dhizaini ye4-pin. USB 2.0 ichiri kushandiswa nanhasi uye inogona kunzi ndiyo USB standard inogara kwenguva refu.
Kutanga kubva paUSB 2.0, USB-IF yakaratidza "tarenda ravo rakasiyana" mukuchinja mazita.
Muna Chikumi 2003, USB-IF yakachinja zita remhando dzeUSB, ikachinja USB 1.0 kuita USB 2.0 Low-Speed, USB 1.1 kuita USB 2.0 Full-Speed, uye USB 2.0 kuita USB 2.0 High-Speed.
Zvisinei, shanduko iyi haina kuchinja zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu aripo panguva iyoyo, nekuti USB 1.0 ne1.1 zvakabva padanho rekare.
Muna Mbudzi 2008, USB 3.0 Promoter Group, ine makambani makuru eindasitiri akadai seIntel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, uye ST-NXP, yakapedza USB 3.0 standard ndokuiburitsa pachena. Zita repamutemo rakapihwa raive "SuperSpeed". USB Promoter Group ndiyo inonyanya kuita basa rekugadzira nekugadzirisa USB series standards, uye standards idzi dzichazoendeswa kuUSB-IF kuti dzitungamirirwe.
Mwero wepamusoro wekutumirwa kweUSB 3.0 unosvika 5.0 Gbps, inova 640MB/s. Mwero wepamusoro wekubuda kwemagetsi i5V/900mA. Inoenderana zvizere ne2.0 uye inotsigira kutumirwa kwedata kwakazara-duplex (kureva kuti, inogona kugamuchira nekutumira data panguva imwe chete, ukuwo USB 2.0 iri hafu-duplex), pamwe nekugona kuri nani kutonga simba nezvimwe zvinhu.
USB 3.0 inoshandisa dhizaini yemapini mapfumbamwe. Mapini mana ekutanga akafanana neeUSB 2.0, nepo mamwe mapini mashanu asara akagadzirirwa USB 3.0. Saka, unogona kuona kana iri USB 2.0 kana USB 3.0 uchishandisa mapini acho.
Muna Chikunguru 2013, USB 3.1 yakaburitswa, ine kumhanya kwekutumira kwe10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), ichinzi ndiyo SuperSpeed+, uye voltage yepamusoro inobvumidzwa yemagetsi yakakwidzwa kusvika pa20V/5A, inova 100W.
Kuvandudzwa kweUSB 3.1 kana tichienzanisa neUSB 3.0 kwaive pachenawo. Zvisinei, pasina nguva yakareba, USB-IF yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti USB 3.0 seUSB 3.1 Gen1, uye USB 3.1 seUSB 3.1 Gen2.
Kuchinja zita uku kwakakonzera matambudziko kune vatengi nekuti vatengesi vazhinji vasina hunhu vakangonyora zvigadzirwa zvinotsigira USB 3.1 mupakeji vasingaratidze kana iri Gen1 kana Gen2. Kutaura zvazviri, mashandiro ekutumira maviri aya akasiyana zvakanyanya, uye vatengi vanogona kuwira mumusungo netsaona. Saka, kuchinja zita uku kwaive danho rakaipa kune vazhinji vevatengi.
MunaGunyana 2017, USB 3.2 yakaburitswa. Pasi peUSB Type-C, inotsigira nzira mbiri dze10 Gbps dzekutumira data, nekumhanya kunosvika 20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), uye simba remagetsi rinobuda richiri 20V/5A. Zvimwe zvinhu zvine kuvandudzwa kudiki.
▲ Maitiro ekuchinja kwezita reUSB
Zvisinei, muna 2019, USB-IF yakauya neimwe nzira yekuchinja zita. Vakatumidzazve USB 3.1 Gen1 (yaive USB 3.0 yekutanga) kuti USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (yaive USB 3.1 yekutanga) kuti USB 3.2 Gen2, uye USB 3.2 kuti USB 3.2 Gen2.
Zvino Neramangwana: Kufambira Mberi kweUSB4
Zvino zvatasvika paUSB4, ngatitarisei kukwidziridzwa nekuvandudzwa kwemutemo mutsva uyu. Chekutanga uye chakakosha, sezvo iri kuvandudzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana kubva pa "3″ kuenda ku "4″", kuvandudzwa kwacho kunofanira kunge kwakakosha.
Zvichibva paruzivo rwese rwataunganidza, zvinhu zvitsva zveUSB4 zvakapfupikiswa seizvi:
1. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekutumira kwe40 Gbps:
Kuburikidza nekutumira ma "dual-channel", kumhanya kwekutumira ma "USB4" kunofanirwa kusvika 40 Gbps, zvakafanana neThunderbolt 3 (inonzi "Thunderbolt 3″" pazasi).
Kutaura zvazviri, USB4 ichave nema "transmission speed" matatu: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, uye 40 Gbps. Saka kana uchida kutenga mudziyo une "transmission speed" yepamusoro, kureva 40 Gbps, zviri nani kuti utarise zvinodiwa usati watenga.
2. Inoenderana neThunderbolt 3 interfaces:
Mimwe midziyo yeUSB4 (kwete yese) inogonawo kushanda neThunderbolt 3 interfaces. Kureva kuti, kana mudziyo wako uine USB4 interface, zvinogonawo kubatanidza mudziyo weThunderbolt 3 kunze. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi zvekumanikidzwa. Kuti inoenderana here kana kuti kwete zvinoenderana nemafungiro emugadziri wemudziyo.
3. Kugona kugovera zviwanikwa zvebandwidth ine simba:
Kana ukashandisa USB4 port uku uchiishandisawo kubatanidza display nekutumira data, port yacho ichagovera bandwidth inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana vhidhiyo ichingoda 20% chete yebandwidth kuti ityaire display ye1080p, saka 80% yasara yebandwidth inogona kushandiswa kune mamwe mabasa. Izvi zvaisakwanisika muUSB 3.2 nenguva dzakapfuura. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, USB yaishanda yaitora nguva.
4. Midziyo yeUSB4 yese inotsigira USB PD
USB PD iUSB Power Delivery (USB power transmission), inova imwe yenzira dzemazuva ano dzekuchaja nekukurumidza. Yakagadzirwawo nesangano reUSB-IF. Iyi nzira inogona kuita kuti magetsi nemafuremu akwire, simba remagetsi rinosvika 100W, uye gwara remagetsi rinogona kuchinjwa zvakasununguka.
Zvichienderana nemitemo yeUSB-IF, chimiro chakajairika che USB PD charging interface chiripo chinofanira kunge chiri USB Type-C. Mu USB Type-C interface, mune mapini maviri, CC1 neCC2, anoshandiswa kuma PD communication configuration channels.
5. Chinongedzo cheUSB Type-C chete ndicho chinogona kushandiswa
Nechinhu chiri pamusoro apa, zvinonzwisisika kuti tinogonawo kuziva kuti USB4 inogona kushanda chete kuburikidza nezvinobatanidza zveUSB Type-C. Kutaura zvazviri, kwete USB PD chete, asiwo mune mamwe maitiro matsva eUSB-IF, inoshanda chete kuType-C.
6. Inogona kuenderana nemaitiro ekare
USB4 inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nemidziyo nemaports eUSB 3 neUSB 2. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, inogona kuenderana nemaitiro ekare eprotocol. Zvisinei, USB 1.0 ne1.1 hazvitsigirwi. Parizvino, ma interfaces anoshandisa protocol iyi anenge anyangarika pamusika.
Ehe, kana uchibatanidza mudziyo weUSB4 kune USB 3.2 port, haigone kutumira nekukurumidza kwe40 Gbps. Uye USB 2 interface yekare haizokurumidzi nekuti yakabatana neUSB4 interface.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-21-2025
