USB 4 Nhanganyaya
USB4 ndiyo USB system inotsanangurwa mune iyo USB4 yakatarwa. USB Developers Forum yakaburitsa vhezheni yayo 1.0 muna Nyamavhuvhu 29, 2019. Zita rizere re USB4 ndere Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Inobva paruzivo rwekufambiswa kwedata “Thunderbolt 3″ yakabatana yakagadzirwa neIntel neApple. Kumhanyisa data kweUSB4 kunogona kusvika ku40 Gbps, inova kaviri kumhanya kwe3 × 2 yakabudiswa.
Kusiyana neyakapfuura USB protocol zviyero, USB4 inoda USB-C yekubatanidza uye inoda rutsigiro rwe USB PD yemagetsi. Kuenzaniswa ne USB 3.2, inobvumira kugadzirwa kweDisplayPort uye PCI Express tunnel. Ichi chivakwa chinotsanangura nzira yekugovera zvine simba imwe chete yakakwirira-yekumhanyisa chinongedzo ine akawanda terminal mudziyo mhando, iyo inogona kubata zvakanyanya kutapurirana data nemhando uye mashandisiro. Zvigadzirwa zve USB4 zvinofanirwa kutsigira kubuda kwe20 Gbit/s uye zvinogona kutsigira kubuda kwe40 Gbit/s. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekufambiswa kwetunnel, kana uchitumira data yakasanganiswa, kunyangwe data ichifambiswa pachiyero che20 Gbit / s, iyo chaiyo data yekufambisa inogona kunge yakakwira kupfuura ye USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).
USB4 yakakamurwa kuita shanduro mbiri: 20Gbps uye 40Gbps. Midziyo ine USB4 interface inowanikwa pamusika inogona kupa iyo 40Gbps kumhanya kweThunderbolt 3 kana yakaderedzwa vhezheni ye20Gbps. Kana iwe uchida kutenga mudziyo une yakanyanya kumhanyisa kumhanya, kureva, 40Gbps, zviri nani kutarisa zvakatemwa usati watenga. Pamamiriro ezvinhu anoda kufambisa kwekumhanya, kusarudza yakakodzera USB 3.1 C TO C kwakakosha sezvo iriyo kiyi inotakura kuti uwane chiyero che40Gbps.
Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidzika pamusoro pehukama huri pakati pe USB4 neThunderbolt 4. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose Thunderbolt 4 uye USB4 zvakavakwa zvichienderana neprotocol iri pasi peThunderbolt 3. Vanopindirana uye vanowirirana. Iwo mainterface ese ese Type-C, uye iyo yakanyanya kumhanya ndeye 40 Gbps kune ese ari maviri.
Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo USB4 Cable yatiri kutaura nezvayo ndiyo chiyero chekufambisa cheUSB, inova chirevo cheprotocol chine chekuita nekuita uye kugona kwekufambisa kweUSB. USB4 inogona kunzwisiswa se "chizvarwa chechina" chechirevo ichi.
Iyo USB transmission protocol yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete uye yakagadziridzwa nemakambani akawanda anosanganisira Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, uye Nortel muna 1994. Yakabudiswa se USB V0.7 version musi waNovember 11, 1994. Gare gare, makambani aya akagadzira sangano risina purofiti kuti rikurudzire uye ritsigire USB muna 1995, yakadanwa kuti USB Implementers uye USB yakajairwa-IF sangano iri USB familiar-IF iyo USB inoziva iyo USB Forum.
Muna 1996, USB-IF yakaronga zviri pamutemo iyo USB1.0 yakatarwa. Nekudaro, mwero wekutapurirana we USB1.0 waingova 1.5 Mbps, iyo yakanyanya kubuda ikozvino yaive 5V/500mA, uye panguva iyoyo, pakanga paine mashoma madhizaini epamhepo aitsigira USB, saka vagadziri vebhodhi reamai vaisawanzogadzira zvakananga USB nzvimbo pabhodhi reamai.
▲ USB 1.0
MunaGunyana 1998, USB-IF yakaburitsa iyo USB 1.1 yakatarwa. Mwero wekutapurirana wakawedzerwa kusvika 12 Mbps panguva ino, uye mamwe ehunyanzvi ruzivo mu USB 1.0 akagadziriswa. Iyo yakanyanya kubuda ikozvino yakaramba iri 5V / 500mA.
Muna Kubvumbi 2000, USB 2.0 yakajairwa yakaunzwa, ine mwero wekutapurirana we480 Mbps, inova 60MB/s. Inguva makumi mana iyo ye USB 1.1. Iyo yakanyanya kubuda ikozvino 5V/500mA, uye inotora 4-pini dhizaini. USB 2.0 ichiri kushandiswa nanhasi uye inogona kunzi ndiyo yakareba-inogarisa USB chiyero.
Kutanga kubva ku USB 2.0, USB-IF yakaratidza yavo "yakasarudzika tarenda" mukupa zita.
Muna Chikumi 2003, USB-IF yakatumidza zvakare zvirevo uye zviyero zve USB, ichichinja USB 1.0 kuenda ku USB 2.0 Low-Speed version, USB 1.1 kuenda ku USB 2.0 Full-Speed version, uye USB 2.0 ku USB 2.0 High-Speed version.
Nekudaro, shanduko iyi yakave nemhedzisiro shoma pamamiriro ezvinhu panguva iyoyo, nekuti USB 1.0 uye 1.1 zvakatosiya nhanho yenhoroondo.
Muna Mbudzi 2008, iyo USB 3.0 Promoter Group, inosanganisira hofori dzeindasitiri dzakadai seIntel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, uye ST-NXP, yakapedza USB 3.0 yakajairwa ndokuiburitsa pachena. Zita repamutemo rakapihwa raive "SuperSpeed". Iyo USB Promoter Boka inonyanya kuita basa rekuvandudza uye kugadzirwa kwe USB akatevedzana zviyero, uye zviyero zvinozopedzisira zvapihwa ku USB-IF yekutarisira.
Iyo yakanyanya kutapurirana mwero we USB 3.0 inosvika 5.0 Gbps, inova 640MB/s. Iyo yakanyanya kubuda ikozvino 5V / 900mA. Inonyatsoenderana ne2.0 uye inotsigira yakazara-duplex data kutapurirana (kureva, inogona kugamuchira uye kutumira data panguva imwe chete, nepo USB 2.0 iri hafu-duplex), pamwe nekuve nani kugona kutonga kwesimba uye zvimwe zvinhu.
USB 3.0 inotora 9-pini dhizaini. Mapini mana ekutanga akafanana neaya e USB 2.0, nepo mapini mashanu asara akagadzirirwa USB 3.0. Naizvozvo, unogona kuona kana iri USB 2.0 kana USB 3.0 nemapini.
Muna Chikunguru 2013, USB 3.1 yakaburitswa, ine kumhanya kwekufambisa kwe10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), ichiti SuperSpeed+, uye iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa magetsi emagetsi yakasimudzwa kusvika ku20V/5A, inova 100W.
Kukwidziridzwa kwe USB 3.1 zvichienzaniswa ne USB 3.0 kwaivewo pachena. Zvisinei, pasina nguva refu, USB-IF yakatumidza zvakare USB 3.0 se USB 3.1 Gen1, uye USB 3.1 se USB 3.1 Gen2.
Kuchinja kwezita uku kwakakonzera dambudziko kuvatengi nekuti vatengesi vazhinji vasina hunhu vaingomaka zvigadzirwa sekutsigira USB 3.1 mupakeji pasina kuratidza kuti yaive Gen1 kana Gen2. Muchokwadi, kutapurirana kweaviri kwakasiyana, uye vatengi vanogona kuwira mumusungo netsaona. Naizvozvo, kuchinja kwezita uku kwaive kufamba kwakashata kune ruzhinji rwevatengi.
MunaGunyana 2017, USB 3.2 yakaburitswa. Pasi pe USB Type-C, inotsigira maviri 10 Gbps chiteshi chekufambisa data, nekumhanya kunosvika makumi maviri Gb/s (2500 MB/s), uye iyo yakanyanya kubuda ikozvino ichiri 20V/5A. Zvimwe zvinhu zvine kuvandudzwa kudiki.
▲ Maitiro ekushanduka kwezita re USB
Nekudaro, muna 2019, USB-IF yakauya neimwe shanduko yezita. Vakapa zita rekuti USB 3.1 Gen1 (iyo yaive USB 3.0 yekutanga) se USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (yaive yekutanga USB 3.1) se USB 3.2 Gen2, uye USB 3.2 se USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2.
Zvino uye Ramangwana: Iyo Yekusvetuka Mberi ye USB4
Zvino zvatasvika pa USB4, ngatitarisei kukwidziridzwa nekuvandudzwa kweiyi itsva protocol standard. Chekutanga uye chakakosha, sezvo iri chizvarwa chekusimudzira kubva ku "3" kuenda ku "4", kuvandudzwa kunofanirwa kuve kwakakosha.
Zvichienderana neruzivo rwese rwataunganidza, zvitsva zve USB4 zvinopfupikiswa sezvizvi:
1. Yakanyanya kumhanyisa kumhanya kwe40 Gbps:
Kuburikidza nembiri-chani kufambisa, iyo theoretical yakanyanya kutapurirana kumhanya kwe USB40 inofanirwa kusvika ku40 Gbps, yakafanana neiyo yeThunderbolt 3 (inonzi "Thunderbolt 3" pazasi).
Asi izvo, USB4 ichange iine matatu ekumhanyisa kumhanya: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, uye 40 Gbps. Saka kana iwe uchida kutenga mudziyo une yakanyanya kumhanyisa yekumhanyisa, kureva, 40 Gbps, zvirinani utarise zvakatemwa usati watenga.
2. Inopindirana neThunderbolt 3 interfaces:
Zvimwe (kwete zvese) USB4 zvishandiso zvinogona zvakare kuenderana neThunderbolt 3 interfaces. Kureva kuti, kana mudziyo wako uine USB4 interface, zvinogona zvakare kubatanidza Thunderbolt 3 mudziyo kunze. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi zvekumanikidzirwa. Kuti inopindirana kana kuti kwete zvinoenderana nemafungiro emugadziri wemudziyo.
3. Dynamic bandwidth resource allocation kugona:
Kana iwe ukashandisa USB4 chiteshi uchiishandisawo kubatanidza chiratidziro uye kuendesa data, chiteshi chinogovera inoenderana bandwidth zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana vhidhiyo ichingoda 20% yebhanwidth kuti ityaire 1080p kuratidza, ipapo iyo yasara 80% yebandwidth inogona kushandiswa kune mamwe mabasa. Izvi zvaisakwanisika mu USB 3.2 uye eras yapfuura. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, iyo USB yekushanda modhi yaive yekuchinjana.
4. USB4 zvishandiso zvese zvinotsigira USB PD
USB PD ndeye USB Power Delivery (USB simba kufambisa), inova imwe yeazvino mainstream yekuchaja mapuroteni. Yakagadzirwa zvakare nesangano re USB-IF. Iyi dhizaini inogona kuwana yakakwira voltages uye mafungu, neiyo yakanyanya simba kufambisa inosvika ku100W, uye nzira yekufambisa magetsi inogona kushandurwa zvakasununguka.
Zvinoenderana nemirairo ye USB-IF, iyo yakajairwa fomu yeiyo iripo USB PD yekuchaja interface inofanirwa kunge iri USB Type-C. Mu USB Type-C interface, pane mapini maviri, CC1 uye CC2, ayo anoshandiswa kuPD kutaurirana kugadziridza nzira.
5. Chete USB Type-C interface inogona kushandiswa
Nechinhu chiri pamusoro, ndezvemuzvarirwo kuti isu tinogona zvakare kuziva kuti USB4 inogona chete kushanda kuburikidza ne USB Type-C yekubatanidza. Muchokwadi, kwete chete USB PD, asiwo mune mamwe azvino zviyero zve USB-IF, inongoshanda kune Type-C.
6. Inogona kunge iri kumashure inoenderana nemaprotocol apfuura
USB4 inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete ne USB 3 uye USB 2 zvishandiso uye madoko. Kureva kuti, inogona kumashure inoenderana neyakapfuura protocol zviyero. Nekudaro, USB 1.0 uye 1.1 haina kutsigirwa. Parizvino, mainterfaces anoshandisa protocol iyi akapotsa anyangarika pamusika.
Ehe, kana uchibatanidza mudziyo we USB4 kune USB 3.2 port, haugone kutumira nekumhanya kwe40 Gbps. Uye iyo yekare-yechinyakare USB 2 interface haizokurumidza kukurumidza nekuti yakabatana kune USB4 interface.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-21-2025
